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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
H. Zhang, A. Ying, M. Abdou
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 64 | Number 3 | September 2013 | Pages 651-656
Test Blanket, Fuel Cycle, and Breeding | Proceedings of the Twentieth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (TOFE-2012) (Part 2) Nashville, Tennessee, August 27-31, 2012 | doi.org/10.13182/FST12-579
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A SiC-based flow channel insert (FCI) is used as an electrical and thermal insulator in the Dual Coolant Lead Lithium (DCLL) blanket. To reduce the stress of the FCI structural material, the pressure equalization slot (PES) is implemented in the FCI wall. However, the PES affects the tritium transfer behavior and loss rate. Therefore it is important to examine the tritium loss rate and ensure it remains below an allowable limit. In the present study, we analyze tritium transport and quantify the tritium loss rate in a front duct of the DCLL-type outboard blanket where PbLi moves poloidally. Three types of poloidal ducts have been considered: one without the PES, one with the PES in the wall parallel to the magnetic field and one with the PES in the wall perpendicular to the magnetic field. Tritium concentration fields are obtained by solving a fully 3-D problem with appropriate boundary conditions at various interfaces. Results show a high tritium concentration at the location of reversed flow when a PES was located in the wall parallel to the field. Furthermore, when any PES was introduced, the PES changed the velocity profiles and thus changed the tritium concentrations in the core and gaps, which increases the tritium losses from 1.244% to 1.413% under the calculation conditions.