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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Bangjiao Ye, Yoshimi Kasugai, Yujiro Ikeda, Yangmei Fan, Rongdian Han
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 40 | Number 2 | September 2001 | Pages 133-138
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST01-A187
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The radioactivity induced by D-T neutron sputtering from piping materials to the coolant is described. The sputtering yields were calculated based on the systematics for (n,p), (n,), (n,2n), and (n,np) reactions. Four candidate piping materials of AISI Types 316L and 304 stainless steel, Incoloy 800, and V-4 Cr-4 Ti alloy were investigated to estimate their radioactivity sputtered to the coolant. The investigation shows that radioactivity of ~1500 to 2000 Ci sputtered into the coolant at 1000-s plasma burn time of ITER, and after 1-day cooling, a few curies of gamma activity remain in the coolant, which will accumulate in the heat exchanger.