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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
H. T. Lee, Y. Ohtsuka, Y. Ueda, K. Sugiyama, E. Markina, N. Yoshida
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 63 | Number 1 | May 2013 | Pages 233-236
doi.org/10.13182/FST13-A16913
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The structure and concentration distribution of He, H, and D in the ion implanted zone following simultaneous He-D irradiation in W was characterized. A shift in He bubble size from nanometer to tens of nanometers was observed between 800 K < T < 1000 K. The bubble field was found to extend to depths of 30-40 nm with mean concentrations of 4-5 at.%.. An order of magnitude increase in He trapping was observed at 800 K when the ion energy was increased from 0.3 to 1.0 keV. Depth profiles of the trapped D at 500 K indicatea marked decrease in the trapped amount coinciding with the He bubble layer. Conversely, enrichment in hydrogen concentration was observed. One hydrogen atom was found to trap in ratio with ~6 He atoms. Such preferential trapping of hydrogen appears to be an important process in the reduction of D diffusion into W due to He effects.
