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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
G. Y. Liang, N. R. Badnell, G. Zhao
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 63 | Number 3 | May 2013 | Pages 372-377
Technical Paper | Selected papers from IAEA-NFRI Technical Meeting on Data Evaluation for Atomic, Molecular and Plasma-Material Interaction Processes in Fusion, September 4-7, 2012, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | doi.org/10.13182/FST13-A16444
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
R-matrix calculations of electron impact excitations have been done for several isoelectronic sequences under the program of the Atomic Processes for Astrophysical Plasmas network in the United Kingdom. The intermediate-coupling framework transformation R-matrix approach was used to generate data in this program since it is less resource (time/memory) demanding than the full Breit-Pauli R-matrix method, without reduction of accuracy. A detailed accuracy assessment was done for four/five/six selected ions spanning the isoelectronic sequence, which provides insight into the behavior of the whole sequence of ions. For each ion, we adopted the following procedure: First, the target structure was assessed by comparing the calculated level energies with available experimental data and with previous calculations using different methods. Second, weighted oscillator strengths or line strengths or radiative decay rates were compared with various available theoretical works for several transitions. Usually, a "survey" comparison with another database has been done for all available transitions by way of a scatter plot. Finally, direct comparison for the excitation (effective) collision strength is done with available measurements or with previously published data. A survey comparison with another database is usually presented to investigate the spread of the consistency or inconsistency among the different calculations.