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Radium sources yield cancer-fighting Ac-225 in IAEA program
The International Atomic Energy Agency has reported that, to date, 14 countries have made 14 transfers of disused radium to be recycled for use in advanced cancer treatments under the agency’s Global Radium-226 Management Initiative. Through this initiative, which was launched in 2021, legacy radium-226 from decades-old medical and industrial sources is used to produce actinium-225 radiopharmaceuticals, which have shown effectiveness in the treatment of patients with breast and prostate cancer and certain other cancers.
Owen N. Jarvis, Pieter Van Belle, Malcolm A. Hone, Guy J. Sadler, G. A. H. Whitfield, F. Edward Cecil, Douglass S. Darrow, Basilio Esposito
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 39 | Number 1 | January 2001 | Pages 84-95
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST01-A154
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Two screened, thin-foil charge collectors were mounted just beyond the plasma edge at an outboard position (below midplane) in the Joint European Torus to detect lost alpha particles during the 1997 high fusion power D-T experiments. No convincing observations of alpha-particle collection were obtained, possibly because of the low level of alpha-particle losses but more probably because the positioning of the detector was not ideal for the high fusion power discharges that were run at high plasma current and toroidal field. Under such conditions, alpha particles on escaping orbits leading toward the detector are highly likely to be intercepted by the nearby poloidal limiter. Moreover, a small alpha-particle signal would have been obscured by interference from a large and unexpected signal attributed here to fast neutrals, leaving the plasma and ionizing in the low density scrape-off region outside the plasma boundary. The interpretation of this unexpected signal is discussed. In all probability, it will also be encountered in any future attempts to detect lost alpha particles in a current measuring detector unless suitable precautions are taken, e.g., provision of a thin first foil to remove light charged particles with energies below ~0.5 MeV.