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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
H. R. Z. Sandim, R. A. Renzetti, A. F. Padilha, A. Möslang, R. Lindau, D. Raabe
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 61 | Number 2 | February 2012 | Pages 136-140
Technical Paper | First Joint ITER-IAEA Technical Meeting on Analysis of ITER Materials and Technologies | doi.org/10.13182/FST12-A13379
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) ferritic-martensitic steels are candidates for applications in fusion power plants where microstructural long-term stability at temperatures of [approximately]650°C to 700°C are required. The microstructural stability of 80% cold-rolled reduced-activation ferritic-martensitic 9% Cr ODS-Eurofer steel was investigated within a wide range of temperatures (300°C to 1350°C). Fine oxide dispersion is very effective to prevent recrystallization in the ferritic phase field. The low recrystallized volume fraction (<0.1) found in samples annealed at 800°C is associated with the nuclei found at prior grain boundaries and around coarse M23C6 particles. The combination of retarding effects such as Zener drag and concurrent recovery decrease the local stored energy and impede further growth of the recrystallization nuclei. Above 900°C, martensitic transformation takes place with consequent coarsening. Significant changes in crystallographic texture are also reported.