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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
M. Matsuyama, K. Shinmura, Z. Chen, Y. Torikai
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 60 | Number 4 | November 2011 | Pages 1491-1494
Interaction with Materials | Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology (Part 2) | doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A12714
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Solubility of tritium in Cu-Be(2 mass%) alloy was determined by means of measurement of a tritium depth profile in the alloy. Tritium exposure to the samples was conducted under the following conditions: pressure, 0.4 to 2.6 kPa; temperature, 350 to 450°C; exposure time, 4 to 11 hours. Tritium depth profiles were obtained by chemical etching after the exposure. Remarkably high tritium concentration appeared in surface layers within 0.5 m, whereas almost constant concentration was observed from 10 m to the bulk. It was found, therefore, that surface tritium should be omitted in evaluation of the solubility of tritium. In addition, it was seen that dissolution of tritium into Cu-Be alloy obeys the Sieverts' law from the pressure dependence, and the solubility of tritium in Cu-Be alloy was lower than that in pure copper. From the temperature dependence of solubility, the heat of solution of tritium was determined as 17 kJ/mol.