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Fusion Science and Technology
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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
D. H. Edgell, R. S. Craxton, L. M. Elasky, D. R. Harding, L. S. Iwan, R. L. Keck, L. D. Lund, S. J. Verbridge, M. D. Wittman, A. Warrick, T. Brown, W. Seka
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 49 | Number 4 | May 2006 | Pages 616-625
Technical Paper | Target Fabrication | doi.org/10.13182/FST49-616
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Backlit optical shadowgraphy is the primary diagnostic for D2 ice layer characterization of cryogenic targets for the OMEGA Laser System at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE). Reflection and refraction of light passing through the ice layer produce characteristic rings. The position of the most prominent of the shadowgraph rings, known as the bright ring, can be resolved to ~0.1-pixel rms, corresponding to about 0.12 m for typical LLE target shadowgraphs. Measurement of the bright ring position in conjunction with ray-trace model predictions determines the ice layer thickness and the Fourier-mode spectrum of the ice roughness for that view. The LLE target characterization stations use two camera angles and target rotation to record target shadowgraphs from many different views. Combining these views allows construction of a 3-D ice layer representation, an estimation of the global surface roughness, and a determination of a Legendre-mode spectrum suitable for implosion modeling. The standard operating procedure is to construct a 3-D ice layer representation using the analysis of 48 separate shadowgraphic views. The 3-D ice surface is then decomposed in terms of spherical harmonics, allowing the determination of low-mode number (l 8 to 10) elements of a Legendre-mode power spectrum. Higher-mode number elements of the Legendre power spectrum are determined by mapping the Fourier-mode power spectrum averaged over all views