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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Jean Johner
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 59 | Number 2 | February 2011 | Pages 308-349
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A11650
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The HELIOS zero-dimensional code (Version 1.0) is described in detail in the case of deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasmas.The part of the code described solves in a self-consistent way the thermal equilibrium equation of a D-T thermonuclear plasma coupled to the conservation equation of the helium ash with a He*/E = const. constraint.Prominent features of the modeling are the following: description of any type of last closed magnetic surface (LCMS) by means of four portions of conics; exact closed form expressions for the poloidal surface, plasma volume, plasma surface, and LCMS length; exact surface and volume integration (for arbitrary aspect ratio) in the approximation of magnetic surfaces similar to the LCMS; parabolic type density profile and two-parameters temperature profile, both with pedestals and finite values at the separatrix; line radiation of light impurities calculated from tabulated radiative power loss functions; scalings for the pedestal temperature, L-H transition, and confinement time; modeling for the divertor thermal load; self-consistent radial build modeling for the plateau duration calculation; and detailed power plant thermal balance.Applications to ITER and DEMO operation and to inductive reactor design are given.
