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Fusion Science and Technology
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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
A. D. Beklemishev
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 59 | Number 1 | January 2011 | Pages 184-186
doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A11603
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Some open traps, like GOL-3, may be heated by axial electron beams. Since the heating is turbulent, it is associated with anomalous resistivity, so that the reverse induction current is pushed out to flow in the shell plasma along the beam edge. It is shown that such complicated distribution of axial current in equilibrium causes exponential amplification along the trap of any initial (at entrance) azimuthal modulation of the beam current density. As a result, the shape of the beam cross-section develops features like spiral arms, etc. at the end-plate, even if its shape was nearly circular at the entrance. Amplification occurs whenever there is an off-axis extremum on the radial distribution of the axial current density.