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Fusion Science and Technology
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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
I. Yamada, K. Narihara, H. Funaba, T. Minami, H. Hayashi, T. Kohmoto, LHD Experiment Group
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 58 | Number 1 | July-August 2010 | Pages 345-351
Chapter 8. Diagnostics | Special Issue on Large Helical Device (LHD) | doi.org/10.13182/FST10-A10820
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Large Helical Device (LHD) Thomson scattering system measures electron temperature and density profiles of LHD plasmas along the LHD major radius at a horizontally elongated section. The LHD Thomson scattering system has an oblique backward-scattering configuration. The number of observation points and typical spatial resolution are 144 and 17 mm, respectively. The temporal sampling frequency is 10 to 100 Hz. Measurable temperature and density ranges are Te = 5 eV to 20 keV and ne 1018 m-3 , respectively. The LHD Thomson scattering system consists of several subsystems: laser system, light collection optics, polychromators, and data acquisition system. In the past decade, we have continued our efforts to improve the performance and reliability of the LHD Thomson scattering system through extension of measurable temperature and density ranges, Raman and Rayleigh calibrations for absolute density measurements, new laser beam positioning system, and plasma light monitor system for increasing data reliability. In this paper, we describe the recent progress of the LHD Thomson scattering system in detail.
