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Fusion Science and Technology
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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
R. J. Jayakumar, S. L. Allen, K. H. Burrell, L. L. Lao, M. A. Makowski, C. C. Petty, D. M. Thomas
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 48 | Number 2 | October 2005 | Pages 852-863
Technical Paper | DIII-D Tokamak | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A1044
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The measurement of the plasma current profile is crucial to many operating regimes and investigations on the DIII-D tokamak. The measurement is required to obtain accurate equilibria and to accurately calculate stability and transport characteristics of the plasma. The measurement of the profile is also required to obtain the different components of the current to guide efforts on the control of the current profile and experiments toward obtaining steady-state operating regimes. The edge current profile measurement is necessary to understand the formation of edge pedestal and edge-localized modes. The DIII-D tokamak has a three-array, 45-channel motional Stark effect (MSE) diagnostic to measure the plasma current density and radial electric field. A 32-channel lithium-beam (Li-beam) diagnostic has recently been installed on the DIII-D tokamak for the measurement of edge current density. Both diagnostics measure the current profile from the measurement of the pitch angle of the magnetic field that, in turn, is derived from the orientation angle of polarization of the appropriate neutral beam spectral line. The MSE and the Li-beam diagnostics are described, and some examples of measurements are shown.
