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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Miles Greiner, Kishore Kumar Gangadharan, Mithun Gudipati
Nuclear Technology | Volume 160 | Number 3 | December 2007 | Pages 325-336
Technical Paper | Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT07-A3903
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Two-dimensional finite element thermal simulations of large rail casks designed to transport spent nuclear fuel assemblies were performed for normal conditions. Two different effective thermal conductivity models, developed by other investigators, were implemented within the basket openings that support the fuel assemblies. The effective thermal conductivity models affect the peak cladding temperature directly by influencing the temperature difference between the hottest cladding at the cask center and the walls that surround it. It also affects it indirectly by influencing the center basket wall temperature. The fuel assembly heat generation rates that cause the peak cladding temperature to reach the allowed limit were determined for both effective thermal conductivity models. At those generation rates the basket wall temperatures in the periphery of the package were highly nonuniform. The basket wall temperatures determined in this work will be used in future studies to develop improved thermal models of fuel assemblies.