ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
August 24–27, 2026
Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2026
Nuclear Technology
August 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Dong Won Lee, Hee Cheon No, Eu Hwak Lee, Seung Jong Oh, Chul-Hwa Song
Nuclear Technology | Volume 153 | Number 2 | February 2006 | Pages 175-183
Technical Paper | Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT06-A3698
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Experiments have been carried out to investigate the boiling phenomena in the downcomer, and RELAP5/MOD3.2 has been assessed with the present experimental data. A heated wall with a thickness of 8.2 cm and a height of 32.5 cm is used. The wall is made of the same material as the prototype (APR1400) with chrome coating to protect against rusting. From the experiment, we visually observed strong liquid recirculation and vapor jetting near the heated wall. These phenomena arose from axial migration of voids located only in the thin layer of the heated wall, whereas there was little bubble migration to the bulk region. The size of the thin layer is below 4 cm, which is used for the determination of the radial nodal size in radial double-node schemes. The RELAP5 calculations using three different nodal schemes are compared with experimental data in terms of water level, void fraction, wall temperatures, and phase velocities. The radial single-node scheme produces no liquid recirculation, resulting in a sudden level drop due to a sudden increase in void fraction. The double-node scheme with top-bottom radial connections yields strong circulation, eliminating the sudden level drop. As a result, the scheme produces better results than the radial single-node scheme and a double-node scheme with all radial connections. Based on the information from measurement of the local liquid velocity profile and visual observations, a drift velocity model is developed for application into a downcomer with a large gap and a vertical heated wall. The proposed drift velocity model has been implemented into RELAP5 and verified with experimental results.