The physical processes taking place during the dispersion of releases of pollutants into the atmosphere and the hydrosphere (surface as well as groundwaters) can be mathematically modeled. The analytical methods available for tracking pollutants in the atmosphere include local and mesoscale models (mostly based on Gaussian-plume dispersion), as well as regional and global models, where either more sophisticated numerical techniques or “box” modeling is used. Various removal processes such as physicochemical transformations, wet and dry deposition, resuspension, and plume rise affect aerial dispersion. The mechanisms of transport in surface waters include mass transport by the waters themselves, dispersion, sedimentation, boundary exchange processes, and various forms of depletion. The models vary according to the type of surface waters considered: rivers, estuaries and tidal rivers, small lakes, open-coast water bodies, etc. Regarding groundwater transport, one must distinguish between saturated and unsaturated zones and homogeneous or nonhomogeneous media. Numerous references refer the reader to details and to state-of-the-art treatment of the subjects.