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LLNL, Ampera partner to develop thorium-based TRISO fuel
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has formed a strategic partnership with Ampera to develop the company’s nuclear fuel concept through a project named THUNDER, for Thorium Unimodal Droplet Ejection for Reactors.
The focus of THUNDER is fabricating TRISO made with kernels of thorium rather than the usual uranium. LLNL and Ampera will evaluate and optimize liquid metal–jetting technology to produce highly uniform, spherical kernels of thorium-232 for later processing into TRISO fuel.
Edmondo Zamorani
Nuclear Technology | Volume 77 | Number 3 | June 1987 | Pages 313-319
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste Management | doi.org/10.13182/NT87-A33971
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Previous works on cement leached in water and containing radioactive wastes like cesium and strontium agree to attribute the release in the liquid phase to a diffusion mechanism. The kinetic release can be represented by an empirical relationship in which the dependence of the leached fraction Fr = C/C0 versus time t assumes the form Fr = Btn and the factor n = 0.5 is typical of a diffusion process. On the other hand, the results of our studies on cement leached in static water demonstrate that the release of calcium, considered to be representative of matrix degradation, follows a time dependence of t0.25. A model is suggested for which the release of calcium depends on superposition of two processes: a diffusion through a reaction layer of calcium silicate hydrate around the cement particles during the hydration step and a diffusion of elements from the bulk of cement toward the external surface of the specimen. Based on this schematic diffusion mechanism, some suggestions are advanced to improve the physical characteristics and to increase the retention of the radioactive waste encapsulated in the cement matrix.