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LLNL, Ampera partner to develop thorium-based TRISO fuel
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has formed a strategic partnership with Ampera to develop the company’s nuclear fuel concept through a project named THUNDER, for Thorium Unimodal Droplet Ejection for Reactors.
The focus of THUNDER is fabricating TRISO made with kernels of thorium rather than the usual uranium. LLNL and Ampera will evaluate and optimize liquid metal–jetting technology to produce highly uniform, spherical kernels of thorium-232 for later processing into TRISO fuel.
Philippe J. Vernier, Philippe Solignac
Nuclear Technology | Volume 77 | Number 1 | April 1987 | Pages 82-91
Technical Paper | Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow | doi.org/10.13182/NT87-A33954
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Our work was restricted to elementary models of condensation, coupling a laminar water film with an air-steam mixture boundary layer, under steady-state conditions, for some simple physical situations. We tested two categories of models. The models in the first category are merely the set of balance equations for which Sparrow’s numerical solutions have been replaced by Rose’s closed-form solutions. The models in the second category make use of correlations of mass transfer obtained by the Chilton-Colburn analogy and assumed closure laws concerning heat transfer across the film. The closed form of the solutions enabled us to propose numerical algorithms without integration, which we programmed in BASIC language. The differences we found between the results of the experiment and those of the models are systematic and positive, the calculated values being 50% less than the experimental results, on average. Comparing the abilities of the models, the situation of laminar-forced convection along a flat plate, whether the mixture is superheated or not, is the only situation where the model, using boundary layer theory, gives exact results. For the situation of turbulent free convection along a vertical wall, e.g., the containment wall of a pressurized water reactor system, the model, using the Chilton-Colburn analogy, gives only approximate results.