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  The U.S. Million Person Study of Low-Dose-Rate Health Effects
  There is a critical knowledge gap regarding the health consequences of exposure to radiation received gradually over time. While there is a plethora of studies on the risks of adverse outcomes from both acute and high-dose exposures, including the landmark study of atomic bomb survivors, these are not characteristic of the chronic exposure to low-dose radiation encountered in occupational and public settings. In addition, smaller cohorts have limited numbers leading to reduced statistical power.
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An extension of the work of Pázsit, Dykin, and Darby on multiplet evaluation has been made using a different method of solution and with the addition of an external reflecting material. The method of solution uses the scalar form of the transport equation to calculate the singlet, doublet, and triplet moments, and in the case when the source configuration requires it, the angular distribution can be obtained in terms of the scalar quantities by direct quadrature. The main contribution of this work is to demonstrate that the scalar approach is convenient, and if energy and anisotropic scattering are required, it is reasonably easy to make use of existing computer codes for solutions of the neutron transport equation. Also, it is shown that the addition of an external reflecting region can have a significant effect on the three multiplicity moments. Some numerical results are given to enable direct comparison to be made with other methods of solution.