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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
S. Bznuni, A. Ugujyan, A. Amirjanyan, P. Kohut
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 198 | Number 10 | October 2024 | Pages 1958-1964
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2023.2284438
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A computational route was developed for precise calculation of fast neutron fluence on a WWER-type reactor pressure vessel (RPV). The method is based on the transfer of neutronics data from HELIOS-2 lattice calculations and nodal diffusion neutronics data (power, density, and temperature) from BIPR7.1 and PARCS 3.36/PATHS core calculations into a three-dimensional (pinwise axially distributed) fixed neutron source for modeling of transport of fast neutrons from the reactor core to the outer surface of the RPV using MCNP6.2. Validation of the proposed computational method was carried out based on comparative analysis of MCNP6.2-predicted and neutron dosimetry–measured reaction rates [54Fe(n,p)54Мn, 93Nb(n,nʹ)93mNb, and 58Ni(n,р)58Со] on the outer surface of the Armenian Nuclear Power Plant (ANPP) Unit 2 RPV. Validation revealed that the MCNP6.2-predicted fast neutron fluence results are very sensitive to the ENDF-B neutron data. Particularly, MCNP6.2 with ENDF/B-VIII.0 significantly underpredicts (20% to 30%) fast neutron fluence while using ENDF/B-VII.1 data overpredicts it. Adding revised beta-released evaluations of 54Fe, 56Fe, 57Fe, and 16O from the International Nuclear Data Evaluation Network (INDEN) to ENDF/B-VIII.0 allows one to obtain reasonable agreement with measurement results for all types of measured reaction rates.