ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Latest Magazine Issues
Mar 2026
Jan 2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
April 2026
Nuclear Technology
February 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
60 Years of U: Perspectives on resources, demand, and the evolving role of nuclear energy
Recent years have seen growing global interest in nuclear energy and rising confidence in the sector. For the first time since the early 2000s, there is renewed optimism about the industry’s future. This change is driven by several major factors: geopolitical developments that highlight the need for secure energy supplies, a stronger focus on resilient energy systems, national commitments to decarbonization, and rising demand for clean and reliable electricity.
Mitchell T. Farmer, Matthew Weathered, Darius Lisowski, Nathan Bremer, Dennis Kilsdonk, Tim Stack, Caleb Tomlin, Chris Plucker, Ed Moreno, Ran Kong, Zhengting Quan, Adam Dix, Seungjin Kim, Mamoru Ishii, Mark Anderson, Andrew Napora
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 196 | Number 1 | October 2022 | Pages S148-S164
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2022.2052552
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The objective of the Versatile Test Reactor (VTR) is to enable testing of advanced reactor fuels and materials in a fast spectrum neutron environment. Internal cartridge loop testing capabilities are being developed that will allow the cartridge coolant to be isolated from the reactor coolant. This approach will allow various cartridge coolants to be investigated, thereby maximizing testing capability. A sodium cartridge loop testing capability is being developed by a team that includes Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) as the laboratory partner, Framatome Inc. as the industrial partner, and Purdue University along with the University of Wisconsin–Madison as university partners. Specific elements of the current work include overall cartridge loop design development that is being led by Framatome, Inc. Coolant chemistry monitoring and control are key elements of any high-pedigree irradiation testing capability; the University of Wisconsin is leading this effort by developing and experimentally verifying methods for achieving this capability in pile. Purdue University is developing a scaling methodology, and on that basis, a thermal-hydraulic testing capability to validate fluid flow and heat transfer models for the cartridge that will be used to support design and safety analysis activities. Argonne has focused on developing and testing technologies specifically targeted at simplifying VTR operations, as well as developing modeling tools to support cartridge loop design and safety analysis. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current status of the sodium fast reactor cartridge development, including details on the cartridge functional requirements, physical design, chemistry control, operations, and safety.