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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
P. Deng, B. K. Jeon, H. Park, W. S. Yang
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 193 | Number 12 | December 2019 | Pages 1310-1338
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2019.1621617
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
For accurate assessment of nuclear heating in fast reactors, a new coupled neutron and gamma heating calculation scheme has been developed based on VARIANT nodal transport solutions of neutron and gamma flux distributions. The MC2-3 code was extended to generate multigroup neutron and gamma cross sections and kinetic energy release in materials (KERMA) factors, and a utility program CURVE was developed to reconstruct detailed pin and duct wall powers from VARIANT output files. The improved heating calculation scheme has been verified against MCNP6 Monte Carlo reference solutions for the Advanced Burner Test Reactor (ABTR) and Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) benchmark problems. Compared to the existing coupled heating calculation method based on DIF3D diffusion theory solutions, the new heating calculation scheme utilizes more accurate gamma cross sections and KERMA factors, accounts for the transport effects, and eliminates the approximations in the existing pin power reconstruction scheme. As a result, it produces more accurate assembly and pin power distributions. For both the ABTR and EBR-II problems, the maximum assembly power error was ~1% in fuel assemblies and ~2% in instrumented structure assemblies, and the maximum error in pin segment powers in an axial node of fuel assembly was ~4%. In the blankets of the EBR-II problem, the maximum error in pin segment powers was increased to ~8%, mainly due to the lower power level and the relatively large error in the nodal power of the VARIANT solution.
