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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
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Deep geologic repository progress—2025 Update
Editor's note: This article has was originally published in November 2023. It has been updated with new information as of June 2025.
Outside my office, there is a display case filled with rock samples from all over the world. It contains a disk of translucent, orange salt from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant near Carlsbad, N.M.; a core of white-and-bronze gneiss from the site of the future deep geologic repository in Eurajoki, Finland; several angular chunks of fine-grained, gray claystone from the underground research laboratory at Bure, France; and a piece of coarse-grained granite from the underground research tunnel in Daejeon, South Korea.
Changjun Li, Dahuan Zhu, Xiangbin Li, Junling Chen
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 77 | Number 4 | May 2021 | Pages 310-315
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2021.1874765
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The W-1%Y2O3-0.5%Ti composite fabricated by the spark plasma sintering method has been tested on the EMS-60 facility using 0 to 600 MW/m2 with pulse duration of 5 ms for single and 100 cycles. It is shown that the cracking threshold under single pulse of the W-1%Y2O3-0.5%Ti is close to 300 MW/m2, which exceeds that of pure tungsten (~200 MW/m2). Moreover, the crack morphology is different than that of pure W under the same heat load condition. These experimental data illustrate that the addition of dispersed oxides and alloying elements can, to some extent, ameliorate high heat load behaviors. Meanwhile, it should be noted that the melting and volatility of the second phase if the heat flux exceeds 400 MW/m2 for a single pulse will narrow the operation range of the composite. And, the severe damages of crack and matrix melting under fatigue shocks illustrate that the composite still needs further efforts to be improved by the optimization of fabrication processing.