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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
D. G. Czechowicz, J. A. Dorman, J. C. Geronimo, C. J. Chen
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 51 | Number 4 | May 2007 | Pages 631-637
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST51-631
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
We developed a production tungsten sputter coating process to uniformly deposit tungsten on 840 m outer diameter GDP shells using a bounce coating technique. We were able to control the tungsten-coating rate and therefore coating thickness based on gravimetric analysis. At the end of our work we could routinely produce uniform 0.5 m tungsten coatings on GDP shells with a Δ wall 0.04 m. Techniques were developed and applied to measure coating uniformity based on x-radiography and x-ray fluorescence data. Typical surface roughness values for bounce coated shells having a 0.5 m tungsten coating were 40 to 50 nm RMS. Stationary GDP shells were coated with 0.5 m tungsten and found to have surface roughness approaching 10 nm RMS, which was similar to the roughness of the underlying GDP mandrel surface. This result indicates that coating processes with less agitation such as tap or roll coating may produce much smoother tungsten coatings