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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
David G. Morris, Charles B. Mullins, Graydon L. Yoder, Jr.
Nuclear Technology | Volume 69 | Number 1 | April 1985 | Pages 82-93
Technical Paper | Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow | doi.org/10.13182/NT85-A33597
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Dispersed-flow film boiling data were obtained in a large rod bundle (8 × 8) under steady-state and transient conditions with upward flowing high-pressure, high-temperature water. The bundle is equipped with detailed thermometry, and has geometry typical of later generation pressurized water reactors with 17 × 17 fuel assemblies. Comparisons with the data to empirical correlations commonly used to predict heat transfer in dispersed flow indicate that the Dougall-Rohsenow and Groeneveld-Delorme correlations overpredict and underpredict heat transfer, respectively, while the Groeneveld 5.7 and Condie-Bengston IV correlations perform reasonably well. Spacer grids are shown to cause rod surface temperature depressions of up to 100 K from the upstream to downstream side of the grid. Grid effects persist for 20 to 30 hydraulic diameters downstream of the grid.