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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Jae Man Noh, Nam Zin Cho
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 116 | Number 3 | March 1994 | Pages 165-180
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE94-A19811
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A new nodal method that directly solves the multidimensional diffusion equation without the transverse integration procedure is described. The new method expands the homogeneous flux distributions within a node in nonseparable analytic basis functions satisfying the neutron diffusion equation at any point of the node. Thus, the method accurately models large localized flux gradients in the vicinity of nodal corner points as well as nodal interfaces. To demonstrate its accuracy and applicability to realistic problems, the new method was tested on several well-known benchmark problems, including a mixed-oxide fuel problem, and the initial core of Ulchin Unit 1, which is a Framatome-type pressurized water reactor rated at 2775 MW (thermal). The results show that the new method significantly improves the accuracy in the nodal flux distribution and the core multiplication factor. The method also facilitates pin wise flux reconstruction since the homogeneous flux distributions obtained from the nodal calculation are very accurate and may be used directly in the reconstruction.