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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
W. W. Graham, III, D. S. Harmer, C. E. Cohn
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 38 | Number 1 | October 1969 | Pages 33-41
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE69-A19350
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The familiar rod-drop method for determining delayed-neutron parameters has been refined with new techniques of data collection, analysis, and correction. Values for a highly enriched uranium, heavy-water reactor have been obtained which have a general applicability because they have been accurately corrected for reactor power history, post-shutdown sub-critical neutron multiplication, and finite rod-drop time. Neutron flux after shutdown by rod drop in the Georgia Tech Research Reactor was monitored for periods in excess of three days using two detectors operated in parallel. One detector used a thermal-neutron-sensitive scintillator, the other a fission chamber. Flux-decay data were fit by weighted least squares using the Variable Metric Minimization method. This method was able to fit all the data simultaneously without limit on the number of fitting parameters. The most statistically-significant fit was obtained with 13 delayed-neutron groups, one of which was attributed to background due to its negligibly small decay constant. A fitting expression was used which accurately described the data collection process in which each data point was taken as the time integral of the flux over a finite time interval. The results are compared with values which have been obtained by small irradiated uranium samples and with decay-constant values in the last reported heavy-water in-reactor determination. There are indications that delayed-neutron effectiveness is enhanced by ∼3% in this type of reactor and that the effectiveness of photoneutron groups is decreased by ∼28% because of attenuation of high-energy gamma rays.