ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Arnaud Duthou, Aurélien Mattei, Alain Boue (Rolls-Royce Civil Nuclear)
Proceedings | Nuclear Plant Instrumentation, Control, and Human-Machine Interface Technolgies (NPIC&HMIT 2019) | Orlando, FL, February 9-14, 2019 | Pages 1568-1580
The ability of microprocessor-based I&C safety platforms to process a large amount of complex parameters as well as the difficulty to maintain older analog equipment led to the gradual replacement of the hardwired technologies installed long ago. However, their complexity and cost, combined with new safety requirements, has generated a renewed interest for the Hardwired technologies that are usually simpler and cheaper to qualify. As Hardwired systems still have limited data processing, they usually cannot be used efficiently for the complete protection system of complex reactors or architectures. They however are ideal for other functions such as diverse actuation systems, priority logic, post-accident systems or even main protection systems for simple architectures such as research reactors’. Nevertheless, most existing “non-programmed” technologies have not evolved much since their creation several decades ago and therefore suffer from obsolescence issues and capability limitations. Thus the creation of a truly modern, performant and purely hardwired technology (i.e. not based on FPGA) represents a progress in the catalogue of next generation technologies available for 1E/Cat A. safety I&C. The development of a modern I&C platform is always a challenge as the requirements are continuously evolving toward more stringent standards, especially for safety classified I&C systems. In order to meet all these requirements, the platform shall provide state of the art electronic features and its design criteria shall include flexibility, scalability and space optimization as well as integrated communication. Consequently, the creation of a next generation safety I&C platform based on purely hardwired technology represents a significant challenge and this paper will present the method used by Rolls-Royce to achieve a successful result for its new Hardline platform.