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Meeting Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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The U.S. Million Person Study of Low-Dose-Rate Health Effects
There is a critical knowledge gap regarding the health consequences of exposure to radiation received gradually over time. While there is a plethora of studies on the risks of adverse outcomes from both acute and high-dose exposures, including the landmark study of atomic bomb survivors, these are not characteristic of the chronic exposure to low-dose radiation encountered in occupational and public settings. In addition, smaller cohorts have limited numbers leading to reduced statistical power.
Lee T. Maccarone, Daniel G. Cole (Univ of Pittsburgh), Nageswara S.V. Rao, Alexander M. Melin, Sacit M. Cetiner (ORNL)
Proceedings | Nuclear Plant Instrumentation, Control, and Human-Machine Interface Technolgies (NPIC&HMIT 2019) | Orlando, FL, February 9-14, 2019 | Pages 411-421
Cyber-physical systems consist of interconnected physical processes and computational re- sources. Because the cyber and physical worlds are integrated, vulnerabilities in both the cyber and physical domains can result in damage to the physical system. As cyber-physical systems, nuclear power plants must be secure in both domains in order to maintain operational safety. Nuclear power plants may be targeted by a variety of threat actors such as state actors, hack- tivists, and disgruntled employees|each with a unique motivation and set of resources. This work predicts the outcome of a cyber-physical attack on a nuclear power plant by examining the interaction between a threat actor and a plant defender. A game-theoretic approach is presented to analyze attacks on cyber-physical systems. The cyber-physical attack is analyzed as a two-player strategic-form game. The two players are an attacker and a defender: the defender attempts to maintain plant operation while the attacker attempts to disrupt it. The attacker's strategy set consists of a cyber attack, physical attack, cyber-physical attack, and abstaining from an attack. The defender's strategy set consists of a cyber reinforcement, physical reinforcement, cyber-physical reinforcement, and abstaining from reinforcement. Each player incurs a cost from either attacking or defending. If an attack is successful, the attacker incurs a gain and the defender incurs a loss. A mixed strategy Nash equilibrium is identi ed. Under the mixed Nash equilibrium conditions, the expected utility of the attacker is zero, and the expected utility of the defender is the cost of cyber-physical reinforcement.