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Conference Spotlight
2026 Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Latest News
Blades-in turbine inspections at Quad Cities set new benchmark for Constellation
When Constellation decided to install replacement Alstom low-pressure turbines at three of its boiling water reactor plants more than 15 years ago, one benefit was knowing the new turbines should operate reliably—and without major inspections—for several years.
Lee T. Maccarone, Daniel G. Cole (Univ of Pittsburgh)
Proceedings | Nuclear Plant Instrumentation, Control, and Human-Machine Interface Technolgies (NPIC&HMIT 2019) | Orlando, FL, February 9-14, 2019 | Pages 387-398
Cyber-physical systems consist of interconnected physical processes and computational re- sources. Because the physical world is connected to the cyber world, cyber-attacks can result in damage to the physical system. If an attacker could access control inputs and mask measure- ments, a cyber-attack could damage the system while remaining undetected by plant operators or control systems. By masking certain sets of measurements, an attacker may cause a portion of the state space to become unobservable, meaning that it is impossible to reconstruct those states. This is called an observability attack. A sequential game-theoretic approach is presented to analyze observability attacks. The sequential game consists of alternating defense and attack stages. In each defense stage, the de- fender's strategy set consists of reinforcing all possible combinations of system measurements. In each attack stage, the attacker's strategy set has two components: a reconnaissance component and a measurement-masking component. The attacker's and defender's payo s are quanti ed at the end of each defense-attack sequence using the responses of the observable and unobservable states. The observability attack game is analyzed for two defense-attack rounds for a nuclear balance of plant system. A mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium is identi ed.