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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Deep Space: The new frontier of radiation controls
In commercial nuclear power, there has always been a deliberate tension between the regulator and the utility owner. The regulator fundamentally exists to protect the worker, and the utility, to make a profit. It is a win-win balance.
From the U.S. nuclear industry has emerged a brilliantly successful occupational nuclear safety record—largely the result of an ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) process that has driven exposure rates down to what only a decade ago would have been considered unthinkable. In the U.S. nuclear industry, the system has accomplished an excellent, nearly seamless process that succeeds to the benefit of both employee and utility owner.
John Kessler (J. Kessler and Associates, LLC)
Proceedings | 16th International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference (IHLRWM 2017) | Charlotte, NC, April 9-13, 2017 | Pages 14-19
Many countries have separate regulations for used nuclear fuel (UNF) and high-level radioactive waste (HLW) storage, transportation, recycling, and disposal. In general, each regulation sets a maximum annual dose or health risk just for that waste management component (storage, transportation, or disposal). In addition to dose or health risk limits, many of the regulations either specifically require or recommend that the health risk to members of the public be kept As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) using Best Available Technology (BAT). Again, ALARA and BAT requirements are to be applied only to the system that it is subject to the regulation. This paper provides some examples of the impacts of health risk from the entire back end of the fuel cycle from attempts to minimize risk from just one part of the back end of the fuel cycle. With separate regulations that minimize individual dose rates for storage, transportation, and disposal, the overall health risk from the back end of the fuel cycle may not be minimized. This calls into the question whether ALARA and BAT concepts should be part of compliance.
