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NN Asks: What hurdles stand in the way of nuclear power’s global expansion?
Jake Jurewicz
Nuclear technology is mature. It provides firm power at scale with minimal externalities and has done so for decades. The core problem isn’t about the technology—it is how the plants are built. Nuclear construction has a well-documented history of cost and schedule overruns. Previous nuclear plants often spent more than twice what was first budgeted, making nuclear among the power technologies with the largest average cost overruns worldwide.
Recent projects illustrate how severe the problem can be. In South Carolina, the V.C. Summer nuclear expansion saw projected costs rise from roughly $10 billion to more than $25 billion before the project was abandoned in 2017, by which time more than $9 billion had already been spent and customers were stuck paying for a site they have yet to benefit from.
Ark O. Ifeanyi, Daniel Dos Santos, Abhinav Saxena, Jamie Coble
Nuclear Technology | Volume 210 | Number 12 | December 2024 | Pages 2387-2403
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2024.2323260
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Control rods and elements manage the power distribution in nuclear reactors through the motion of banks of rods distributed throughout the core. These positional changes are achieved through the actuation of fine motion control rod drive (FMCRD) mechanisms. In the BWRX-300 design by GE-Hitachi, this mechanism is electrically driven by a servomotor that allows for high-precision control of power outputs. Under operational transients, such as load-following, accurate and precise operation of these servomotors is necessary over long periods of time, so they are key maintenance targets to maintain availability and operational flexibility. Swiftly and precisely identifying faults in the drive mechanisms will support predictive maintenance and reduced costs. This paper used three different types of simulated faults to test the fault detectability of principal component analysis (PCA) when considering the simulated operations of banks of control rods and their associated servomotors. These faults were stator short-circuit faults, ball screw jam faults, and ball screw wear faults. Torque and position were monitored in the simulation. The position signal was insufficient to detect mechanical faults. Torque signals for each servomotor in the bank of rods undergoing multiple position demand changes were projected to a reduced dimensional space via PCA. Q and T2 statistics were employed for anomaly detection. Using this approach, all faults were detected, and the anomalies were isolated to the faulty FMCRD mechanism.