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NN Asks: What hurdles stand in the way of nuclear power’s global expansion?
Jake Jurewicz
Nuclear technology is mature. It provides firm power at scale with minimal externalities and has done so for decades. The core problem isn’t about the technology—it is how the plants are built. Nuclear construction has a well-documented history of cost and schedule overruns. Previous nuclear plants often spent more than twice what was first budgeted, making nuclear among the power technologies with the largest average cost overruns worldwide.
Recent projects illustrate how severe the problem can be. In South Carolina, the V.C. Summer nuclear expansion saw projected costs rise from roughly $10 billion to more than $25 billion before the project was abandoned in 2017, by which time more than $9 billion had already been spent and customers were stuck paying for a site they have yet to benefit from.
Wayne Strasser, Robert Kacinski, Daniel Wilson, Victor Petrov, Annalisa Manera
Nuclear Technology | Volume 210 | Number 7 | July 2024 | Pages 1185-1211
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2023.2238156
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Hybrid Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes–Large Eddy Simulation was used to reveal detailed flow information and timescales in an isothermal reactor cavity cooling system plenum four-jet configuration. Plenum asymmetry and nonuniformity work together to cause premature jet merging. Bulk stirring in the plenum causes lateral jet vortex shedding, strong jet-jet interactions, swirl, and premature confluence. Two dominant transient modes exist: a jet flow timescale and then a plenum circulation timescale that is nearly three orders of magnitude larger. A primary consequence is that frequencies far less than the presumed 10 Hz threshold for thermal striping are pervasive. A second result is that scale-resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models (as well as experimental rigs) need hundreds of seconds of statistically stationary flow time (tens of thousands of jet timescales) to produce stationary time averages. Fluid typically arrives at positions on the laser sheet in less time than it spends at those positions fluctuating in the streamwise and lateral directions. Also, a previously undocumented, but experimentally confirmed, vortex trap was identified via CFD. Finally, two-point velocity correlation analyses demonstrated a few dozen strong correlations across positions on the laser sheet. Expected close-proximity correlations emerged, but others across larger spaces also were connected. Most of these correlated at timescales close to that of the jet.