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Radium sources yield cancer-fighting Ac-225 in IAEA program
The International Atomic Energy Agency has reported that, to date, 14 countries have made 14 transfers of disused radium to be recycled for use in advanced cancer treatments under the agency’s Global Radium-226 Management Initiative. Through this initiative, which was launched in 2021, legacy radium-226 from decades-old medical and industrial sources is used to produce actinium-225 radiopharmaceuticals, which have shown effectiveness in the treatment of patients with breast and prostate cancer and certain other cancers.
Jiaxin Mao, Victor Petrov, Annalisa Manera, Trevor K. Howard, Sacit M. Cetiner
Nuclear Technology | Volume 209 | Number 10 | October 2023 | Pages 1565-1576
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2022.2133505
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Measuring the flow rate in High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors is a challenge for traditional flowmeters due to the high flow rate (10 to 15 m/s at nominal operating conditions), high operating temperatures (>700°C), and high neutron flux and gamma fields in the reactor core. This paper discusses developing a novel flowmeter that can work under these extreme conditions. Oak Ridge National Laboratory first proposed using acoustics to measure the flow in the reactor, more specifically, using a Kelvin-Helmholtz resonator to correlate the gas flow rate with vibration frequency. With the primary goal of developing an acoustic measurement technique, we propose an acoustic corrugated pipe as a candidate for the development of a novel gas flowmeter. Experimental investigations on corrugated pipes have confirmed the dependence of the whistling frequency on the gas flow rate. Also, a tube-in-tube configuration is proposed for the flowmeter prototype, which can help mitigate resonance between the system and the flowmeter. Experimental investigation using the prototype has shown good independence from the piping system. Furthermore, Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations have been performed and validated with a satisfactory agreement, providing confidence that URANS models can adequately predict the characteristic curve (flow rate versus frequency) of the corrugated pipe and can therefore be used to optimize the flowmeter designs cost-effectively.