ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Latest Magazine Issues
Apr 2026
Jan 2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
May 2026
Nuclear Technology
February 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
India’s PFBR attains criticality at last
Prime Minister Narendra Modi proclaimed it “a proud moment for India” when on April 6 the 500-MWe, sodium-cooled Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) achieved initial criticality. This milestone, which comes some 22 years after the continually delayed PFBR project began, marks India’s entrance into the second stage of its three-stage nuclear program, which has the ultimate goal of supporting the country’s nuclear power program with its significant thorium reserves.
W. Van Snyder
Nuclear Technology | Volume 208 | Number 9 | September 2022 | Pages 1416-1432
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2021.2024023
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A new form for metallic nuclear reactor fuel is proposed consisting of finely divided particles (tens of micrometers) mixed with sodium for thermal bond. Fuel pins filled with this form of fuel would have greater fuel density than with solid slugs fabricated at 75% smear density. Greater fuel density reduces enrichment requirements for initial fuel loading. A larger surface-to-volume ratio allows more fission product gases and metallic fission products to diffuse out of fuel particles, resulting in less swelling, greater burnup before processing, and simple preliminary thermomechanical spent fuel processing steps that might be used several times before the more expensive pyroelectric process develolped for the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II). Less frequent pyroelectric processing, simple preliminary processing, and a larger surface-to-volume ratio reduce total processing cost. Preliminary processing produces separate fission products, in particular cesium and strontium, in metallic rather than salt or mineral form, thereby simplifying and reducing storage cost. Intrinsically structurally weak fuel would not rupture fuel pin cladding by swelling. The expense and complexity of the process would be offset by reduced total system cost.