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Wendelstein 7-X designing 2-MW gyrotrons to upgrade heating system
The Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) announced yesterday that it is developing 2-MW gyrotrons to be used as the main plasma heating system of the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X).
W7-X, located at IPP, is currently the largest superconducting stellarator facility in the world. The project conducts research aimed at filling key knowledge and technology gaps for developing a stellarator-based power plant.
Benjamin W. Spencer, William M. Hoffman, Sudipta Biswas, Wen Jiang, Alain Giorla, Marie A. Backman
Nuclear Technology | Volume 207 | Number 7 | July 2021 | Pages 981-1003
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2020.1868278
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The operating environment of nuclear reactors imposes extreme challenges on the materials from which the structures within and surrounding the reactor are constructed. Understanding the effects of exposure to this environment is critical for ensuring the safe long-term operation of these reactors. The Grizzly and BlackBear codes are being developed to model the progression of aging mechanisms and their effects on the integrity of critical structures. These codes take advantage of the capabilities of the MOOSE framework to solve the wide range of coupled physics problems that are encountered in predictive simulation of structural degradation. This paper provides an overview of these codes, with a specific focus on two capabilities relevant for light water reactor applications: reactor pressure vessel embrittlement and concrete degradation.