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High-temperature plumbing and advanced reactors
The use of nuclear fission power and its role in impacting climate change is hotly debated. Fission advocates argue that short-term solutions would involve the rapid deployment of Gen III+ nuclear reactors, like Vogtle-3 and -4, while long-term climate change impact would rely on the creation and implementation of Gen IV reactors, “inherently safe” reactors that use passive laws of physics and chemistry rather than active controls such as valves and pumps to operate safely. While Gen IV reactors vary in many ways, one thing unites nearly all of them: the use of exotic, high-temperature coolants. These fluids, like molten salts and liquid metals, can enable reactor engineers to design much safer nuclear reactors—ultimately because the boiling point of each fluid is extremely high. Fluids that remain liquid over large temperature ranges can provide good heat transfer through many demanding conditions, all with minimal pressurization. Although the most apparent use for these fluids is advanced fission power, they have the potential to be applied to other power generation sources such as fusion, thermal storage, solar, or high-temperature process heat.1–3
Mohamed A. E. Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed A. E. M. Ali, Sayed A. El-Mongy
Nuclear Technology | Volume 206 | Number 5 | May 2020 | Pages 766-778
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2019.1697173
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This research work aims to investigate the penetrability of electromagnetic gamma rays and fast neutrons and the static performance of newly developed concrete. To achieve this target, seven concrete samples of three different coarse aggregates—dolomite, hematite, iron slag (with five different densities, i.e., 3.23, 3.34, 3.42, 3.10, and 3.03 g/cm3, respectively) with dolomite used as the control specimen—have been synthesized and investigated to determine their mechanical and radiation penetration properties. The mechanical performances were evaluated in terms of tensile and compressive strength, slump measurements, and water permeability. X-ray fluorescence was carried out to determine the chemical composition of the synthesized materials. The materials’ mineralogical constituents were also determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The radiation transmissioxn characteristics were also checked by using gamma-ray collimated beams of both 60Co and 238Pu/Be neutron source. A stilbene crystal organic scintillator coupled with a fast n/γ pulse shape discriminating spectrometer as well as an NaI(Tl) scintillator gamma spectrometer were used to measure the radiation penetrated through the concrete samples. The fast neutron macroscopic cross section and total gamma-ray linear attenuation were derived for the developed mixes. The results obtained show that iron slag concrete of density 3.10 ton/m3 has superior characteristics against the transmission of gamma rays and fast neutrons and distinguished resistance withstanding mechanical pressure and loads.