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EPA issues final rule regulating “forever chemicals”
The Environmental Protection Agency announced that it will issue a rule aimed at limiting public exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The final rule will designate two widely used PFAS chemicals, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), as hazardous substances under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), also known as Superfund.
According to the EPA, both PFOA and PFOS meet the statutory criteria for designation as hazardous substances.
Christopher Wallace, Curtis McEwan, Graeme West, William Aylward, Stephen McArthur
Nuclear Technology | Volume 206 | Number 5 | May 2020 | Pages 697-705
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2019.1697174
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This paper summarizes a novel approach to improved localization of fuel defects by fusing existing data sources and methods within a neural network model to make accurate and quantifiable identification earlier than existing processes. The approach is demonstrated through application to a CANDU reactor and utilizes a small, manually labeled set of delayed neutron data augmented with neutronic power data to train a neural network to estimate the probability of a fuel channel containing a defect. Results demonstrate that the model is often capable of identifying likely defects earlier than existing methods and could support earlier decision making to enable a reduction in cost and time required to localize defects. The approach described has broader application to other reactor types given the general difficulty of detecting fuel defects via fission product measurement and the large quantities of ancillary parameters normally already recorded that can be leveraged using machine learning techniques.