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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Thomas V. Holschuh, Wade R. Marcum
Nuclear Technology | Volume 206 | Number 3 | March 2020 | Pages 428-434
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2019.1640515
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Recently, techniques for qualitative inspections of spent fuel using Cherenkov light have advanced the International Atomic Energy Agency’s ability to perform defect verification measurements following discharge of the fuel from the reactor. Unfortunately, these measurements are limited in their value for safeguards and nuclear material accountancy since they do not quantify the fissile material quantities and cannot characterize a reactor during operations. The Cherenkov Radiation Assay for Nuclear Kinetics (CRANK) system has been devised to quantify the fissile material in the Oregon State TRIGA Reactor (OSTR) during two or more reactor pulses through the measurement of Cherenkov light. The results from the OSTR experiments have shown that the CRANK system is capable of determining the ratio of reactor kinetics parameters (RKP) through the measurement of Cherenkov light in an assay of a research reactor capable of pulsing. There exists excellent agreement between the declared value of the RKP ratio in the OSTR Final Safety Analysis Report and four separate reactor pulse comparisons using the CRANK system. Future applications of the CRANK system can provide independent determination of a pulsing research reactor with an unknown RKP ratio.