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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Jaakko Leppänen
Nuclear Technology | Volume 205 | Number 11 | November 2019 | Pages 1416-1432
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2019.1603710
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A deterministic importance solver has been implemented as an internal subroutine in the Serpent 2 Monte Carlo code for the purpose of producing weight-window meshes for variance reduction. The routine solves the adjoint transport problem using the response matrix method with coupling coefficients obtained from a conventional forward Monte Carlo simulation. The methodology can be applied to photon and neutron external source problems, and the solver supports multiple energy groups and several mesh types. Importances can be generated with respect to multiple responses, and an iterative global variance reduction sequence enables distributing the transported particle population evenly throughout the geometry. This paper describes the methodology applied in the response matrix solver and presents a verification for the generated importance functions through simple demonstrations. A practical example involving a photon shielding problem is included for performance evaluation.