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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Thomas Holschuh, Nicolas Woolstenhulme, Benjamin Baker, John Bess, Cliff Davis, James Parry
Nuclear Technology | Volume 205 | Number 10 | October 2019 | Pages 1346-1353
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2018.1559712
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Transient Reactor Test (TREAT) facility restarted transient operations in 2018 and has met or exceeded expectations for reactor experiments. TREAT’s flexibility in power shaping provides the ability to prescribe a variety of operating conditions for test specimens, including shaped transients, steady-state irradiations, natural pulses, and clipped pulses, to deliver the necessary energy deposition and energy deposition rate. The initial operations following the TREAT restart were designed to mimic historical operations to confirm TREAT’s capability. Then, studies were performed to evaluate the minimum pulse width possible in the facility as well as reactor power profiles characteristic of a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA); both were achieved with excellent results.
This paper highlights the following:
1. The TREAT facility has been restarted to resume nuclear fuel safety research.
2. Initial reactor operations have mimicked historical operations.
3. A minimum pulse width has been achieved by control rod reinsertion during pulse.
4. Power profiles characteristic of a LOCA accident were performed.