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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Gregory A. Szalkowski, Justin Roper
Nuclear Technology | Volume 205 | Number 7 | July 2019 | Pages 905-911
Technical Paper – Selected papers from the 2018 ANS Student Conference | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2018.1533349
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
With the increase in the precision of treatments delivered using radiotherapy machines, there has been a corresponding rise in demand for quality assurance tests that can verify the accuracy of these machines. One common test, star shot analysis, evaluates the isocenter stability of a radiotherapy machine using radiosensitive film or the electronic portal imaging device (EPID). This work details the development of an in-house method of automatically processing film and EPID images to conduct quality assurance testing. In contrast to commercially available software that analyzes a composite image star shot with multiple spokes superimposed on a single image, this work investigates a Gaussian peak finding technique while leveraging the EPID to image one spoke at a time.
Spoke-by-spoke analysis was used to investigate the effects of opposing angles on composite image star shot analysis and to assess for collimator trajectories with minimal walkout. This revealed that irradiating film using opposing angles can give artificially low variations in the radiation isocenter due to offsetting deviations from the true center and that walkout was not the same for every 180-deg arc for the collimator, implying that some rotation arcs could give less variation during treatment.