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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Wei Ding, Eckhard Krepper, Uwe Hampel
Nuclear Technology | Volume 205 | Number 1 | January-February 2019 | Pages 23-32
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2018.1496693
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In this work, we report on the development of a time-averaged Eulerian multiphase approach applied in the wall boiling process especially in the forced convective boiling process. Recently, in order to obtain accurate bubble dynamics and reduce case dependency, a single bubble model for nucleate boiling based on known published models was developed. The model considers geometry change and dynamic contact and inclination angles during bubble growth. The model has good agreement with experiments. However, the predicted bubble dynamics is dependent on the wall superheat (cavity activation temperature). This single bubble model requires an update of the current nucleation site activation and heat flux partitioning models in time-averaged Eulerian multiphase approaches. In this work, we will introduce this implementation in detail. Further, with help of the MUSIG (MUltiple SIze Group) model and a breakup and coalescence model, the time-averaged Eulerian approach could simulate the bubble size distribution in a heated pipe. With the necessary calibration of the nucleation site density, the comparisons between the calculation results and Bartolomei et al.’s experiments demonstrate the success of the implementation and the accuracy of this approach.