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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Jaeseok Heo, Kyung Doo Kim, Byoung Jae Kim
Nuclear Technology | Volume 204 | Number 2 | November 2018 | Pages 162-171
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2018.1471908
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This paper deals with numerical challenges associated with simulating thermal-hydraulic phenomena in nuclear reactors with one-dimensional system analysis codes. The main focus of this research is directed toward assessment of the pressure gradient in vertically stratified flow, particularly the separate pressure drop effects for gas and liquid phases along the control cell. The pressure drop term in momentum conservation currently being developed based on the assumption of gas and liquid combined pressure drop was redefined such that two different pressures were imposed for gas and liquid separately. The verification of the proposed momentum equation for a vertically stratified flow was completed through simulations of the liquid velocity in a U-shaped manometer. Sensitivity analysis was also performed by increasing liquid mass in the pipe leading to different positions of the liquid-vapor interface from the bottom of each manometer pipe when the flow oscillation is stopped; i.e., the interfaces are not only cell boundaries but also various positions between cell edges. As a result, improved simulation results were obtained using the modified equations as it was indicated that the oscillation of fluid decays over time while the original solution for the large pipe does not converge to zero due to a mainly incorrect pressure drop term.