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The busyness of the nuclear fuel supply chain
Ken Petersenpresident@ans.org
With all that is happening in the industry these days, the nuclear fuel supply chain is still a hot topic. The Russian assault in Ukraine continues to upend the “where” and “how” of attaining nuclear fuel—and it has also motivated U.S. legislators to act.
Two years into the Russian war with Ukraine, things are different. The Inflation Reduction Act was passed in 2022, authorizing $700 million in funding to support production of high-assay low-enriched uranium in the United States. Meanwhile, the Department of Energy this January issued a $500 million request for proposals to stimulate new HALEU production. The Emergency National Security Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2024 includes $2.7 billion in funding for new uranium enrichment production. This funding was diverted from the Civil Nuclear Credits program and will only be released if there is a ban on importing Russian uranium into the United States—which could happen by the time this column is published, as legislation that bans Russian uranium has passed the House as of this writing and is headed for the Senate. Also being considered is legislation that would sanction Russian uranium. Alternatively, the Biden-Harris administration may choose to ban Russian uranium without legislation in order to obtain access to the $2.7 billion in funding.
Jun Su Ha, Young-Ji Byon, Chung-Suk Cho, Poong Hyun Seong
Nuclear Technology | Volume 202 | Number 2 | May-June 2018 | Pages 237-246
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2018.1428003
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In the majority of cases, the primary means of information input to operators in nuclear power plant (NPP) control rooms is through the visual channel. In this study, eye movement patterns of NPP operators are analyzed with eye-tracking data obtained from simulator-based experimental studies. Two eye-tracking measures of attentional-resource effectiveness in monitoring and detection tasks in NPPs that have been developed by the authors are introduced, and several applications with the two eye-tracking measures are discussed for use of the measures. The underlying principle of the measures is that information sources should be selectively attended according to their importance. One of the two measures is the fixation-to-importance ratio (FIR), which represents attentional resource (eye fixations) spent on an information source compared to the importance of the information source. The other measure is selective attention effectiveness (SAE), which incorporates the FIRs of all information sources. The FIR represents the effectiveness of an information source, whereas the SAE represents the overall effectiveness of all information sources. Frequency and duration of eye fixations of an operator on information sources are used as the attentional resource. Finally, insights on future applications of eye-tracking data coupled with other psychophysiological measurement techniques to nuclear human factors are addressed on the basis of advances of fourth industrial revolution technologies.