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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Jiashuang Wan, Pengfei Wang, Shifa Wu, Fuyu Zhao
Nuclear Technology | Volume 198 | Number 1 | April 2017 | Pages 26-42
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2017.1292822
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The objective of this paper is to design a reactor power control system for the advanced small pressurized water reactor that adopts a constant average coolant temperature and a secondary-side steam pressure program. Based on the nonlinear core model with the one-group delayed neutron and simplified nonlinear once-through steam generator model, a two-input and two-output linear nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) model is obtained. Three types of control systems are then proposed and designed on a Bode diagram using analytical methods and second-order approximation. The comparison of the control performance and robustness of the three control systems shows that the double feedback control (DFC) with both power feedback and temperature feedback provides the best performance for reactor power and average coolant temperature with parameter uncertainty due to control rod differential worth variation. The simulations based on the high-order nonlinear NSSS model also show good performance of the DFC system.