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2025 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 9–12, 2025
Washington, DC|Washington Hilton
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The journey of the U.S. fuel cycle
Craig Piercycpiercy@ans.org
While most big journeys begin with a clear objective, they rarely start with an exact knowledge of the route. When commissioning the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1803, President Thomas Jefferson didn’t provide specific “turn right at the big mountain” directions to the Corps of Discovery. He gave goal-oriented instructions: explore the Missouri River, find its source, search for a transcontinental water route to the Pacific, and build scientific and cultural knowledge along the way.
Jefferson left it up to Lewis and Clark to turn his broad, geopolitically motivated guidance into gritty reality.
Similarly, U.S. nuclear policy has begun a journey toward closing the U.S. nuclear fuel cycle. There is a clear signal of support for recycling from the Trump administration, along with growing bipartisan excitement in Congress. Yet the precise path remains unclear.
Doonyapong Wongsawaeng, Donald Olander
Nuclear Technology | Volume 159 | Number 3 | September 2007 | Pages 279-291
Technical Paper | Fuel Cycle and Management | doi.org/10.13182/NT07-A3876
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A liquid metal (LM) consisting of one-third weight fraction each of Pb, Sn, and Bi has been investigated as the bonding substance in place of He in the pellet-cladding gap of light water reactor fuel elements. The LM bond eliminates the large T over the preclosure gap that is characteristic of helium-bonded fuel elements. Because the LM does not wet either UO2 or Zircaloy, simply loading fuel pellets into a cladding tube containing LM at atmospheric pressure leaves unfilled regions (voids) in the bond, which lead to local fuel hot spots. Voids were eliminated during fabrication by first evacuating the rod loaded with solid alloy and a fuel stack, melting the alloy, pushing down the fuel stack to drive the LM into the gap, and finally applying at least 5 atm He overpressure. Fabrication of a 4-m-long full-scale fuel rod using this technique was successfully demonstrated. A destructive examination revealed numerous breaks in the frozen alloy bond, but all of these appeared to result from handling the fuel rod. Application to commercial fuel manufacturing should require only minor modifications to existing fabrication lines. The most suitable nondestructive examination technique utilizes a collimated X-ray beam to probe edge-on the region between the pellet surface and the cladding inside diameter.