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2025 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 9–12, 2025
Washington, DC|Washington Hilton
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The journey of the U.S. fuel cycle
Craig Piercycpiercy@ans.org
While most big journeys begin with a clear objective, they rarely start with an exact knowledge of the route. When commissioning the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1803, President Thomas Jefferson didn’t provide specific “turn right at the big mountain” directions to the Corps of Discovery. He gave goal-oriented instructions: explore the Missouri River, find its source, search for a transcontinental water route to the Pacific, and build scientific and cultural knowledge along the way.
Jefferson left it up to Lewis and Clark to turn his broad, geopolitically motivated guidance into gritty reality.
Similarly, U.S. nuclear policy has begun a journey toward closing the U.S. nuclear fuel cycle. There is a clear signal of support for recycling from the Trump administration, along with growing bipartisan excitement in Congress. Yet the precise path remains unclear.
Chi-Szu Lee, Chaung Lin
Nuclear Technology | Volume 159 | Number 3 | September 2007 | Pages 256-266
Technical Paper | Fission Reactors | doi.org/10.13182/NT07-A3874
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A method that includes a genetic algorithm (GA), principal component analysis (PCA), and an artificial neural network (ANN) is adopted in the search for the power ascension path of a boiling water reactor that used to rely solely on an operator's experiences. The power ascension path is formulated as an optimization problem with thermal limits, e.g., minimum critical power ratio, maximum linear heat generation rate, and maximum average planar linear heat generation rate, and with the stability requirement serving as a constraint. The Simulate-3 code is used to calculate the reactor core status, while the optimization problem is solved through the use of the GA. Since the search domain of the GA is relatively large, the ANN, which models the power ascension path, is developed in order to quickly select the candidate solutions for further Simulate-3 calculations, permitting the algorithm to converge effectively. Meanwhile, PCA is used to reduce the ANN input vector's dimension, which improves the ANN training efficiency and pattern recognition capability. The results show that this method efficiently obtains the proper power ascension path required for meeting all constraints at different fuel exposure levels.