ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Kyung Mo Kim, Seung Won Lee, In Cheol Bang
Nuclear Technology | Volume 190 | Number 3 | June 2015 | Pages 345-358
Technical Paper | Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT14-82
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Quenching experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of deposition of SiC and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles on heat transfer during rapid cooling in vertical tubes. Temperature histories during quenching were measured for each test section to confirm the effect of the nanoparticle-coated layer on quenching performance. Boiling curves for each test were obtained by using the inverse heat transfer method. Quenching performance was enhanced ∼20% to 31% for nanoparticle-coated tubes compared to the bare tube. Scanning electron microscope images of the inner surfaces of the tubes following the experiments were acquired, and the contact angles were measured to observe the effect of surface structures and wettability on quenching performance. In the case of tubes coated with GO nanoparticles for 900 s, quenching performance and critical heat flux (CHF) were enhanced although the contact angle increased. To confirm the surface effect on the enhanced quenching performance and CHF of GO nanoparticle–coated tubes, FC-72 refrigerant was used as the working fluid of the quenching experiment to reduce the wettability effect on the heat transfer.