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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Christopher R. Hughes, Oswaldo Pelaez, Duwayne Schubring, Kelly A. Jordan
Nuclear Technology | Volume 190 | Number 3 | June 2015 | Pages 292-300
Technical Paper | Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT14-74
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This work concerns the comparison of supercritical water reactor (SCWR) assembly designs using coupled reactor physics and thermal-hydraulic methods. In the SCWR, large density gradients in the supercritical water (used as coolant and moderator) will require detailed multiphysics analysis. The Super Light Water Reactor (SLWR) was analyzed previously [Hughes et al., Nucl. Eng. Des., Vol. 270 (2014)], where MCNP5 was coupled with density and temperature results from a single-channel code. MCNP5 then provided the single-channel code with a linear heat profile. In the present work, that proposed assembly design is determined to have a negative density coefficient of reactivity. Two alternate designs with different geometries and water-to-fuel ratios are presently considered to address this issue. It is found that adding an additional row of pins is more effective at producing a positive density coefficient than is reducing the size of the moderator boxes.