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New York publishes paper on new nuclear options, launches Nuclear Reliability Backbone
New York’s ambitious efforts to add at least 5 gigawatts of new nuclear power raise several questions: How much will it cost the state, the federal government, and ratepayers? Where does private investment fit into the picture? What nuclear reactor designs should developers pursue?
To provide clarity and direction to these and other concerns, the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority and Department of Public Service issued the preliminary draft of its advanced nuclear policy options paper on June 12.
Matt Bernard, Ted Worosz, Seungjin Kim, Chris Hoxie
Nuclear Technology | Volume 190 | Number 3 | June 2015 | Pages 225-235
Technical Paper | Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT14-70
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This study investigates two issues in the practical application of the local conductivity probe for two-phase flow measurements. First, the effects of signal “ghosting,” an electrical interference inherent to multiplexing data acquisition systems, on the measured two-phase flow parameters are examined. A revised conductivity probe circuit is proposed to remove the effects of ghosting. The characteristics of signal ghosting are investigated experimentally with a specialized conductivity probe that enables concurrent acquisition of ghosted and unghosted signals within the same flow condition. It is demonstrated that ghosting causes bubble velocity measurements that are artificially high and, consequently, artificially low interfacial area concentration measurements that depend on sampling frequency and sensor impedance. The revised circuit successfully eliminates this variability. Second, the sensitivity of measured two-phase flow parameters to increasing data acquisition sampling frequency is investigated experimentally. Measurements are acquired at incrementally increasing sampling frequencies with a four-sensor conductivity probe in 13 vertical-upward air-water two-phase flow conditions with superficial liquid and gas velocities ranging from 1.00 to 5.00 m/s and 0.17 to 2.0 m/s, respectively. It is found that the void fraction and average bubble velocity are insensitive to the sampling frequency, while the detected number of bubbles and interfacial area concentration can demonstrate a strong dependence. Considerations for selecting appropriate sampling frequencies in different flow conditions are discussed.